Lesson 1 1.4 The Nuclear Reactor Fuel Cycle

Syllabus Coverage: NFC1.1, NFC1.2

Key Points

  • The fuel cycle is divided into the front end (before irradiation in a reactor) and the back end (after irradiation).
  • The front end includes: mining, milling, conversion, enrichment, and fuel fabrication.
  • The back end includes: interim storage, transport, and either direct disposal or reprocessing/recycling.
  • An alternative cycle based on thorium exists but has not been widely adopted.