Lesson 2 2.2 World Uranium Mining Production
RankCountryApprox. Share of World ProductionPrimary Mining Method
1Kazakhstan~43%In situ leaching (ISL)
2Canada~15%Underground (high-grade)
3Namibia~11%Open pit
4Australia~9%Open pit and ISL
5Uzbekistan~7%ISL
6Russia~5%Underground
7Niger~4%Open pit / underground
8China~3%Various
-Other~3%Various

Key Point: Kazakhstan is by far the world’s largest uranium producer, contributing about 43% of global mine output. This is a relatively recent development — Kazakhstan overtook Canada as the leading producer around 2009, driven by massive expansion of in situ leaching operations. Note that the old docket listed Canada or Australia as the top producer; this is no longer correct.

About 64% of world production comes from just three countries: Kazakhstan, Canada, and Australia. An increasing proportion of uranium — now approximately 45% — is produced by in situ leaching (ISL).

Note on Stability of Supply: Unlike oil and gas, uranium deposits are distributed fairly evenly across the Earth’s surface. The major producing nations (Kazakhstan, Canada, Australia) are generally regarded as stable and reliable suppliers, which is important for the security of nuclear fuel supply.