Lesson 5 5.4 The PUREX Reprocessing Process

The uranium-loaded solvent from the separation column is stripped back into aqueous form by back-washing with dilute nitric acid in mixer-settler contactors. Further purification is achieved by repeated organic solvent extraction cycles using 20% TBP/OK in large-volume mixer-settler tanks.

Uranium finishing converts the purified uranyl nitrate solution into uranium trioxide (UO₃) powder:

Method 1 — Thermal de-nitration:

2UO2(NO3)22UO3+4NO2+O22\text{UO}_2(\text{NO}_3)_2 \rightarrow 2\text{UO}_3 + 4\text{NO}_2 + \text{O}_2

Method 2 — Ammonia precipitation followed by calcination (gives better purity):

2UO2(NO3)2+6NH3+3H2O(NH4)2U2O7+4NH4NO32\text{UO}_2(\text{NO}_3)_2 + 6\text{NH}_3 + 3\text{H}_2\text{O} \rightarrow (\text{NH}_4)_2\text{U}_2\text{O}_7 + 4\text{NH}_4\text{NO}_3

(NH4)2U2O72UO3+2NH3+H2O(\text{NH}_4)_2\text{U}_2\text{O}_7 \rightarrow 2\text{UO}_3 + 2\text{NH}_3 + \text{H}_2\text{O}

The UO₃ powder is packed in stainless steel drums for return to the conversion plant.