| Method | Description | Efficiency/Application |
|---|---|---|
| HEPA filtration | High Efficiency Particulate Air filters for retention of solid particles in the 0.3 micrometre size range | Efficiency approximately 99.9%; may need pre-filtration for larger particles |
| Charcoal / zeolite adsorption | Adsorption or chemisorption of iodine on filters charged with charcoal or impregnated zeolites | Effective for iodine removal |
| Scrubbers | Various types of scrubbers for gas cleaning | Removes particulates and some gaseous species |
| Cryogenic retention | Retention of noble gases (particularly Kr-85) by cooling to very low temperatures | Emerging technique for noble gas capture |
Lesson 6 ◆ 6.12 Waste Treatment and Conditioning